The erythrinae (legume family) populations have risk. (Treatments with certain pesticides have been effective at reducing infestations, although such treatments are impractical for most people. Until this problem is resolved, planting of coral tree in Hawai‘i is not recommended on 2005.) Particular concern has been voiced that gene flow and hybridization between agricultural crops and native plant species may exacerbate their precarious position, especially if the gene flow occurs from crops developed through recombinant DNA technologies. Horizontal genae transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) are the two possible ways for gene flow and introgression to occur. VGT is more likely to facilitate gene transfer between agricultural crops and native plant species