The Relationship between Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ...

www.mdpi.com › pdf

PDFSep 29, 2017 - relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in ... Over this same period the Earth has warmed by ~0.8 ◦C [2]. ... The effect of atmospheric CO2 on climate has been investigated for ... 400–800 Ky [60,61]. ... Even though the ... CO2 concentration (1000–2000 ppmv) did not occur during.by WJ Davis - ‎2017

There are a whole lot of people that are not going to like this answer.

Earth's surface temperature is related to the Pressure, Volume, Temperature Relationship of Gasses, and that in turn is related to the Volume, Mass, Surface Area, and, Surface Gravity of the Earth in conjunction with the Volume of the Gasses above the Surface of the Earth, and how that gravity compresses the

Air Column to raise the Pressure, and Temperature.

In the geologic past, the Earth was smaller, it had a smaller surface area, and a smaller surface gravity, and a smaller Volume of atmosphere, a lower surface pressure, but a far higher CO2 content ( up to 5,000 ppm ).

Think of the Atmosphere as a spring that is partially compressed. On the Planet Venus, the spring is highly compressed, and the surface temperature is 737 Kelvin. On Earth, the spring is moderately compressed, and the surface temperature is 288 Kelvin while the black body temperature is 252 Kelvin.

On Mars, the surface temperature is around 210 Kelvin.

These are all Pressure, Volume, Temperature, Surface Gravity, and Atmospheric Volume Relationships, in relationship to gasses like CO2 that can store the heat form the incoming solar radiation.

So now we are going to switch gears and look at planet growth over protracted periods of time in billions of years. The growth rate of planets can be estimated by taking a base number that is just slightly larger than 1.0, and then raise it to an exponent that is thousands of ( millions of Years ) to get a good idea of the planets radius in meters. The current age of the Earth, from the rate that the Moon moves away from the Earth is 4544.4 million years old. Smaller planets, are younger, larger planets are older. The Sun is about 5850.6 million years old.

Radius = ( 1.003 453 602 +/- 0.000 000 024 ( delta t ) ) ^ ( age in million of years)

The ( + 0.000 000 024 ( delta t ) ) is for planets bigger than the Earth.

The ( - 0.000 000 024 ( delta t ) ) is for planets and dwarf planets smaller than the Earth, OR, for when the Earth itself was younger.

Test: ( 1.003 453 602 ) ^ 4544.4 = 6, 372, 547. 079 meters = 6372. 5471 Km radius at the Earth's current age of 4544.4 MY, at a tilt angle of measurement of 23.44 degrees.

Now we want to know the approximate radius of the Earth 435 million years ago.

The elapsed time was 4544.4 - 435 = 4109.4 MY.

The radius was ( 1.003 453 602 - (0.000 000 024 X 435 )) ^ 4109.4

= ( 1.003 443 162 ) ^ 4109.4 = 1, 362, 765.265 meters = 1362.7653 Km radius at the elapsed time of 4109.4 MY. For simplicity let us use 1363 Km radius.

Now we use the Rocky planet density equation .

Density = ( 1 + Pi ) X 10^ -9 * R^3 + ( 1 + sqrt 2) X 10^ -1 * R + 2900 - 0.2 (d t)

Density = 10.4871 + 329.0573 + 2900 - ( 0.2 X 435 ) = 3152.5444 kg / m^3

Now we need the surface gravity : This can be simplified into a ratio of the

( Radius X Density ) ( past ) / ( Radius X Density ) ( Now ) = surface gravity

1363 X 3152.5444 / 6372. 5471 x 5510.10557 = surface gravity

4, 296, 918.017 / 35, 113, 407. 27 = 0.122 372 573 g ( now ).

The surface gravity was about 12.24 % of the current surface gravity, so the air column had to be a lot taller, and the CO 2 content had to be a lot higher to keep the Earth from freezing over.

So lets look at the opposite ratio: 5,000 ppm / 380 ppm = 13.1579 : 1

gravity X CO 2 ratio was 0.122 372 573 X 13.1579 = 1.61 to 1.0.

The conclusion is that without the high CO2 content in the low pressure air column, above a smaller Earth, the temperature would never have been high enough to support the evolution of trees, and plants, and insects on Earth.

Life was only large from around 542 Ma until now . That is just the last 12 % of the entire life span of Earth. Earth has been small for most of its existence, and it continues to grow slowly most of the time, but has 8 growth spurts for each net galactic rotational cycle ( passing through all 8 arms of the milky way galaxy every 186. 598 million years ). The Growth spurts are at a maximum every time the solar system passes thru the CRUX Arm of the MW galaxy. The are also the times of maximum sized extinction events: 66.043 + ( N X 186.598 ) Ma. for the big growth spurts, and the approximate age of the big extinction events.

Earth is at 24.354 X 186.598 = 4544.4077 Ma. Venus is a few million years younger. Mars is close to 23.354 X 186.598, but is a little older. Luna is

at 22.354 X 186.598 ( close ). The Gas Giants are 26.354, and 27.354, and the

Sun is 31.354 Net GRC's.

All of the spherical dwarf planets cluster around 19.354, 20.354, 21.354, and 22.354 Net GRC's.

The earth is in a quiet zone between MW Galaxy arms, so it is only gaining about 1.03 mm of added radius per year by new space dust. Most ends up on the floor of the oceans. However, in 2003, the US recalibrated the Global Positioning System and the average delta Z was plus 4.15 mm to plus 4.17 mm per year, so they selected only the 157 points out of around 1200 points so that delta Z sums up to zero, and wallah !, the Earth was suddenly not growing larger, by elimination of the data points that showed it was growing larger.

You can not blame them though, since the primary use of GPS is for Surveying

the surface of the Earth. It is bad enough that continents keep moving around and rotating too with out having to deal with a planet that is also growing larger and messing up the elevations.

I told you that some people are not going to like this. They do not want to believe that all planets grow larger, and at ever increasing rates of growth as they grow larger. Growth is a feed back loop where increasing mass increases gravity, which increases the amount of materials, and energy collected, which increases the growth rate, and decreases the time to double a radius from around 215 million years for Mimas to 198 million years for Jupiter. The Earth is currently at around 205 million years to double its radius.

Now what I need is a person or several persons to take up the lance, and charge ahead with the calculations for Growth of Planets.

Mike Clark

Golden Colorado

It is not only CO2 in the atmosphere which has an impact on the climate. You have to put other compounds and processes into the equation related to exogenous, endogenous and extraterrestrial influences. Atmosphere and the biosphere are in contact with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere and open to the extraterrestrial impact. The current models are too simplistic and not well-manufactured but simple enough to spark another children´s crusade. The history of Earth provides more than one example, like the one from the Ordovician Icehouse, which contradicts the current view on climate change which is full of hubris and naivety.