Why are mechanical properties weak in heat affected zone with respect to fusion zone?

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Venkatesan J

Dear Atul,

It is because of change in microstructure at the HAZ compare to weld metal due to high temperature at HAZ (just below the fusion temperature). This varies for specific weld material.

This can be controlled by modifying the welding parameters with respect to weld material.

Regards

Krishnan Raja

This question is very broad (without any specific detail about the material and welding process).

Fusion zone, hope you are referring to the weld metal, will have much higher dislocation density and higher concentration of point defects (mostly metal vacancies) than the HAZ due to fast cooling rate and associated thermal stresses. Therefore, the weld metal will have higher yield strength than its base metal counter part. If HAZ undergoes grain growth due to thermal cycling, then the toughness is going to decrease along with strength. If phase transformation occurs, the hardness may increase or increase depending on the chemistry of the material.