i want to extract Urban heat islands from ASTER images, and i don't know in which time of year i should download my images? or that it does not matter?
It depends in which time of year the urban impact on local climate is most. For example, in cold regions consumption of urban heat is greatest during the winter, so the effects of urban heat island has the greatest impact just in winter.
I do not base on scientific studies, but it seems to me that the right time is during the warm period of the year.
One should not neglect the moment of the taking of the image in relation to the period of day,
I give an example,
In the case of the Sahara, the two hottest months are July and August,
The hottest time inside the city during the day is the end of the afternoon, from 5 pm, during this period the constructions, the walls, the buildings, the roads, ... begin to release the stored energy.
It would be best to organize scientific research on this topic. For this purpose should be selected more UHI cases in different geographical regions, to provide climatological data of the minimum period of 5-10 years, define the same methods of investigation for all cases, handle all the data and compare the results.