The question is very general and I think it depends on geographical region and socioeconomic factors . I developed some methods while working in African countries . These methods can be applied with adequate adjustment inn other countries if you want to know more contact me at [email protected]

The are a number of measures that can be taken in order to reduce to the minimum the problem of mass unemployment in any given country. These are. among others the following:

1- Measures to ensure the economic and social development of the country.

2-Measures to facilitate the education of the young generation, including the increase of the resources allocated to ensure the highest quality of the educational system of the country.

3-Measures to ensure the requalification of the working forces.

4-Measures to ensure training of the working forces.

5-Measures to facilitate foreign investment in relevant economic sector of the country.

6- Measures to increase the export of goods and international trade.

7-Measures to increase the resources allocated for the implementation of infrastructure projects, such as construction of highways, improvement ín the transport system, improvement in the electrical grid, improvement in the energy sector, among others.

I think the quality of working forces may not be an important explanation and reason of mass unemployment. I think that the main explanation is that there are not enough job offers, for example each year, and that unemployment accumulates in our societies.

Assuming workers are ready and enough qualified, why should societies depend on international trade to solve their internal problems of unemployment. I think that firms are those who create growth, through investment, and if there is not enough growth and investment, there are not enough job offers. I think it is because firms fail to coordinate on high growth rates, because pessimistic and risk-averted. I think it is also a matter of habits.

Expectations of all firms are self-fullfilling and therefore I think Governments should find solutions to fight this coordination problem and consequences of uncertainty. Each firm would be able to sell additional production if each firm hire the workers who will buy this supplementary production. And each firm would gain in terms of profits.

Should governments find solutions to reduce uncertainty, to coordinate and incitate firms ? I think about special labour contracts for example, which imposes new workers to be customers of a given panel of firms which hire and invest. Conditions could be adjusted but basically workers could have to be customers for 2 years for example...

Why governments could not try such a concrete project ? What economists think about this policy?

Dear Atef. In many developed countries you can find many vacancy of well remunerated posts and they have to hire foreign personnel to carry out the activities associated to these posts because there are no qualified personnel available in the country. This not means that you cannot find qualified professionals unemployed but for them it is easier to find a suitable job in the country or in anther county as well. However, the same think cannot be said for unqualified working forces.

In developing countries you can also find many unprepared working forces that cannot be hired because they are not qualified to carry out activities associated to high qualified posts.

Spain has a higher unemployment than for example Finland because the first country has a very weak education system while Finland has one of the best if not the best education system within the EU. The same thing can be said for example with India and Singapore. In the case of the first country you can find a very weak education system while in the second you can find a strong education system.

In Singapore they need foreign professionals to carry out certain activities while in India you have many people that cannot be hired to carry out certain qualified jobs because they do not have the necessary skill.

Could we really think that mass unemployment finds its main explanations in problems of qualifications ? For example, admitting that unemployed workers become better qualified (say, with some actions from Governments), and that "matching problems" disappear, do you think that mass unemployment in our societies would be resolved ? I am not sure that enough job offers are created.