The activity retention (RAE %) was calculated following the equation 1:
(RAE %) = 100 x (Immobilized enzyme activity in U/mg) / (solublized enzyme activity in U/mg) ................(1)
The immobilization efficiency, IE (η%), was determined by equation 2 (Menoncin et al., 2009), where P0 was the protein content in the enzyme solution (mg) and P1 was the amount of protein adsorbed on the supports (mg). P1 was estimated by the difference between total protein content added to immobilization process and the protein content washed from the supports.