In plant extracts, several chemical constituents were present. IR or UV can give only a general idea about functional groups or electronic transition. But which technique will give exact information about chemical constituents (not general idea).
Dear Atish , you need to do some analysis techniques if available :
check your extract by TLC to know no. of components in your crude. also you can run IR test to know the nature of functional groups present .
after TLC analysis you can separate your sample by CC , pre. HPLC ( qualitative and quantitative). also you can run your sample by LC-Mass.
when you succeed in the separation you can used H-NMR ,C-NMR , COSY ,,etc. all of these tools help to give you full elucidation of your isolated products.
Plant extracts are generally complex samples and may contain many compounds. Many of them may be high molecular weight compounds and also highly polar. From the separation point of view LC will be the right technique as these will be out of scope of GC columns. You can use a fraction collector to collect the separated components and then can employ a suitable spectroscopic technique like IR & NMR for further identification.