Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where two or more particles become connected in a way that their states are correlated, regardless of their distance from each other. It is a crucial aspect of quantum computing because it allows quantum systems to share information instantaneously, which is essential for performing complex calculations and quantum communication protocols.
Quantum entanglement follows formally from the tensor product representing multiqubit systems. To make that not just formal trick all the efforts today in building “quantum” computers are in implementation of qubits (in various physically possible variants) effectively talking to each other, thus emulating entanglement.
After a short search I came across this article "Quantum entanglement
Ryszard Horodecki, Paweł Horodecki, Michał Horodecki and Karol Horodecki
Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 - Published June 17, 2009". Section II, in my opinion, explains the most common concepts about entanglement and should answer your questions.
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