Numerical analysis has been carried out using two different single-phase models (homogenous and dispersion) and two-phase models (Eulerian–Lagrangian and mixture).
A new model is developed to consider the nanoparticles dispersion. Although the Eulerian–Lagrangian model gives a reasonable prediction for the thermal behavior of nanofluids, the dispersion single-phase model gives "more accurate prediction" despite its "simplicity".
For better understanding I have attached herewith the Research Article links related dispersion single-phase model for the thermal behavior of nanofluids :
01. Article A new dispersion model for thermal properties of nanofluids ...
02. Article A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermoph...
03. Article Prediction of nanofluid convective heat transfer using dispe...
04. Article Nanofluids thermal behavior analysis using a new dispersion ...