What is the ideal pH, protein and moisture content required for such silage to be used as animal feed? What could be the potential toxic stuffs that could be present in silage?
Generally silage made from succulent fodder contain 65% moisture with desirable pH ranging from 3.5. to 4.8. Preparation of silage from animal offals or inedible meat is good idea but it should be checked for meat borne diseases. There are numerous diseases which spread through meat. Normally silage produced from plants contain lactic acid and butyric acid in very minute quantities. Acid produced from animal meat silage should be checked as acid has a predominant role to play in ruminant digestion as it is a complex as compared to humans or simple stomach animals. For experimental purposes, the idea is viable but for feeding a huge livestock base in India, thousands of tons of such silage may be required.
Generally silage made from succulent fodder contain 65% moisture with desirable pH ranging from 3.5. to 4.8. Preparation of silage from animal offals or inedible meat is good idea but it should be checked for meat borne diseases. There are numerous diseases which spread through meat. Normally silage produced from plants contain lactic acid and butyric acid in very minute quantities. Acid produced from animal meat silage should be checked as acid has a predominant role to play in ruminant digestion as it is a complex as compared to humans or simple stomach animals. For experimental purposes, the idea is viable but for feeding a huge livestock base in India, thousands of tons of such silage may be required.
Thanks a lot @Amandeep Singh. My objective here is to see silage production a solution to waste disposal (fish offal). Does treatment with acidic catalysts at high pressure make the raw material infection free? Can the wet silage be blended with other carbohydrate feed to enrich with proteins?
Do let me know regarding its feasibility
(The production time of my process (fish pritein hydrolysate) is 15-40 minutes.
Yours is a good idea. Acid can reduce the pH of silage and potentially destroy the pathogens. I can say that major animal pathogens will be destroyed after acid treatment under pressure. Still you can go for microbiological exam like SPC for assessing the residual microbial load before feeding silage to livestock. Further, you can add molasses as a source of carbs in the silage. The amount of molasses depends on the dry matter content of your final silage.
There is a wide gap in the scientific and balanced feeding of animals and also the feed market is wide open for you. The bitter truth is, most of the dairy farmers in India doesn't even know about the real silage made from maize and throwing this silage in market will be a risk. Anyways, the farmers of Punjab are highly advanced and you can try marketing this in Punjab.
I think the much difficulty involved in making silage using animal offals would be putrefaction and rancidity owing to the fact that they contain high quantities of protein and fat. To achieve good results, a high carbohydrate source must be added to achieve fermentation and reduce the pH to preserve the silage . If this is not done, then we will rather end up with large quantities of lysosomal enzymes in the product which could rather be toxic both to man and livestock.
Following ensilation, most animal wastes have been successfully processed and fed to a wide range of domestic animals without problem. Perez (1995) noted that fish silages were suitable for feeding to pigs, poultry, ducks, ruminants and camels. Other researchers have successfully fed fish silages to farmed fish. Many others have shown that materials such as poultry slaughter house and hatchery waste as well as ruminant offal silage could be successfully fed to pigs, poultry, mink, fish (catfish - Clarias gariepinus; common carp - Cyprinus carpio) compared with control feeds.