What are the demerits of a passive filter?

The demerits of a passive filter

Passive filters are not suitable for changing system conditions. Once installed, these are rigidly in place. Neither the tuned frequency nor the size of the filter can be changed so easily. The passive elements in the filter are close-tolerance components.

A change in the system operating conditions can result in some detuning, although a filter design should consider operation with varying loads and utility's source impedance.

The system impedance largely affects the design. To be effective, the filter impedance must be less than the system impedance, and the design can become a problem for stiff systems.

Outage of a parallel branch can totally alter the resonant frequency, resulting in overstressing of filter components and increased harmonic distortion.

The parallel resonance between the system and filter (shifted resonance frequency) for ST or DT filters can cause an amplification of the current at characteristics and noncharacteristics harmonics. A designer has limited choice in selecting tuned frequencies and ensuring adequate bandwidth between shifted frequencies and even and odd harmonics.

Damped filters do not give rise to a shifted resonant frequency; however, these are not as effective as a group of ST filters.

The aging, deterioration, and temperature effects may increase the designed tolerances and bring about detuning, although these effects can be considered in the design stage.

Definite-purpose circuit breakers are required. To control switching surges, resistor switching and synchronous closing may be required, although the filter reactors will reduce the magnitude of the switching inrush current and its frequency. The switching surges, their problems, and mitigation are not discussed in this paper.

The grounded neutrals of wye-connected banks provide a low-impedance path for third harmonics. Third harmonic amplification can occur in some cases. (For industrial systems, the three-phase capacitor banks are, generally, connected in ungrounded wye configuration.)

Special protective and monitoring devices (not discussed) are required.

ST or DT filters are not possible to employ for certain loads like cycloconverters or when the power system has interharmonics (not discussed in this paper) .

The filters can either be switched “on” or “off.” Thus, a stepless control of reactive power with an increase of load demand is not possible. The filter banks can be switched in and out with voltage, current or reactive power control, to avoid generation of leading reactive power at light loads.

The design may require increasing the size of the filters to control TDD (example in this paper). This may give rise to overvoltages when the banks are switched in and undervoltage when these are switched out.

A detuning may be brought into play when consumers on the same utility's service add power capacitors or filters in their distribution systems .

Beemnet Mengesha Kassahun

Dear Dr. Ravinder Kumar , passive filters consisting of a bank of tuned filters and/or a high-pass filter have been broadly used to suppress harmonics because of low initial costs and high efficiency. However, passive filters have the following drawbacks: 1) Filtering characteristics are strongly affected by the source impedance 2) Amplification of currents on the source side at specific frequencies can appear due to the parallel resonance between the source and the passive filter 3) Excessive harmonic currents flow into the passive filter due to the voltage distortion caused by the possible series resonance with the source.

And with respect to active filters: 1) It is difficult to construct a large-rated current source with a rapid current response. 2) There are high initial and running costs.

http://swissen.in/pasivfiltrdis.php

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1268201

http://www.gohz.com/drawbacks-of-passive-filters-and-active-filters

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Article Passive Filters - Potentialities and Limitations

Ravinder Kumar

Dear Kartik,

If you are able to answer then reply. Otherwise ignore the question. Do't put this type of message without knowing reality. Hoping for you bright future.

Hassan Nima Habib

this link is useful

www.schematica.com/...filter.../comparison_of_active_and_passive_f...

regards

Khalid Al-Salhie

agree with Akhilesh Kumar Mishra

Ibrahim Nantomah

(1) Many filters will be required to filter several harmonics since one filter can be used for one harmonic only

(2) High quality factor of the filter gives low bandwidth, which makes filter sensitive to variations in the fundamental frequency as well as the component values.

(3) Accurate tuning is required at site because of which provision of taps on the reactor is essential. This increases the cost of the reactor

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