I would suggest that this question is too broad. What I mean by that is that the term "AI" or "Artificial Intelligence" is a much larger term than what I think many people give it credit. AI covers everything from ChatGTP to Alexa. Today a lot of standardized testing is done on computers with a form of AI running the exam and choosing questions based on answers to the previous question. In some places, GED exams are graded by AI. Asking about the advantages of teaching with AI or AI tools is too broad of a question. There are advantages and disadvantages to every tool, AI or not, that we use as an educator. Some of these pros and cons are easy to discuss in generalities like "some students will learn better with this tool, while others will find it difficult to use." However, some advantages/disadvantages are specific to the tool. I would argue that, to get to the heart of your question, you need to narrow the question and probably ask multiple questions. What with "what are the advantages/disadvantages of using ChatGTP as a teaching tool in elementary classrooms?" OR "what are the advantages/disadvantages to having an active Alexa device in a fifth grade classroom?"
I would further suggest that your question needs to be narrowed down in terms of the student population you want to know about. When you ask about "children's education" I immediately assume you mean "elementary education" or grades kindergarten to fifth grade. This could be a faulty assumption on my part, because "children" is an other broadly applied term. Are you asking about Elementary education? Are you thinking about younger children such as Head Start age? Do you consider Middle School to be included in the "Children" category? Depending upon your perspective, "Children's Education" could easily also include High School students. The problem is that each of these categories may in fact have different answers for your question. Perhaps 2nd graders are not ready to use ChatGTP but the application could prove very useful for a High School senior.
The questions of advantages and disadvantages to using Artificial Intelligence in a classroom are important questions for educators to ask and answer. However, these are big, umbrella term questions and the only way to truly answer them is to get underneath the umbrella and examine more specific elements. What are the advantages to teaching third graders how to use ChatGTP? What are the disadvantages to allowing 2nd graders to ask Alexa things they don't know rather than using the context of a reading to figure it out themselves? What are the advantages of allowing High School students to use Google searches in lieu of old fashion research? What are the disadvantages to teaching High School students to use ChatGTP as a tool to help them improve their writing? These are not all inclusive, and trying to ask and answer questions in broad strokes is certainly quicker. However, that is sort of the underlying issue here, I think. The primary reason for using AI is to speed things up, get to a result quicker and easier. Sometimes that's useful, other times it causes us to miss out on key details.
Alexa is an AI device developed by Amazon. It is voice-activated and connects to the internet. It can be used to control other electronic devices (with installation of compatible equipment), it can also be used to find information on the Internet. There are several different versions of Alexa, including one that has a screen on it, a phone-application and a car-application which now comes standard on most newer models.