The genesis of hydrocarbons has been debated for more than 300 years and continues to the present. The discussion of the problem led to the formation of organic and inorganic scientific schools. Over time, the hypothesis of polygenesis was also formed. With the development of engineering and technology, new concepts on the genesis of hydrocarbons and diamond-bearing structures were presented. One of these is the concept proposed by us, according to which hydrogen, hydrocarbons and diamonds are formed not only at great depths of the mantle, but also at different depths of the Earth's crust in different regions of the Earth, due to dehydration of serpentinized rocks. Dehydration of rocks occurs in both oceanic and continental crust. Under the continental slope, due to the collision of the continental and oceanic crust, dehydration of serpentinized rocks of the 3rd layer of the oceanic crust occurs. Dehydration of rocks also occurs at various depths of the continental crust, both in geosynclinal and platform areas. The formed hydrocarbons and geofluids migrate to the upper horizons of the crust, differentiate and accumulate in fractured granites and sedimentary layers. Based on the proposed concept, the genesis of some giant deposits of the Earth, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caspian Basin, and Western Siberia is proposed. According to laboratory studies, dehydration of rocks in the earth's crust causes extremely high pressures and temperatures. Kimberlites and explosive tubes are formed from carbon-containing components present in the medium. The proposed concept is characterized by more than 17 criteria that are used in prospecting and exploration work in different regions of the Earth. The results obtained cover a wide range of issues of geology and geophysics. Further research is presented to the author in close cooperation with specialists from these fields of science from around the world.