Which is the most toughest salt to remove from water. And what is the energy required to break it apart from the solution ?
What is the general equation that can be used to calculate the energy required to break the ionic bond of solutes from water ?
Can you provide a list of candidates? That would help me to understand your question. AIUI, nearly every element is present in water. Thus, there must be hundreds of salts in the ocean. Are you only interested in salts of the common ions?
Seawater is an aqueous mixed electrolyte. It attains its chemical compositionthrough a variety of chemical reactions and physicochemical processes. Among
these are: acid-base reactions, gas absorption and desorption processes, precipitation and dissolution of solids and adsorption processes at interfaces.Characteristic for seawater is the high salinity that may vary between average limits of 7 g/kg (Baltic Sea) and 43 g/kg (Arabian Sea). The pH of seawater is usually in the range from 7.7 to 8.3 in surface waters. The pH is buffered by a set of reactions that take place between CO2 and water. The concentrations of dissolved magnesium [Mg2+] and calcium [Ca2+] are of particular importance for the carbon cycle because these ions greatly reduce the activity of carbonate ion [CO3 2] via strong anion-cation interaction. Some PDFs enclosed for reference
Evaluation of ionic strength and salinity of groundwaters: effect of the ionic composition, Article in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 44(6):809–814 · June 1980,DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90262-PDF enclosed
Is this paper any help? https://www.iaea.org/ocean-acidification/download/OA%20guide/OA-Guide_Ch1_20100518.pdf
See Section 1.2.3
in the section 1.2.3, the molar data shown as LogK(sp) vs mole (%MgCO3) at 25degree C. But the seawater temperature at shoreline will be much warmer for major part of the day. The details provided will vary by a wide margin with change in temperature. And also, similar details for other salts are not provided here.
Understanding the chemistry of seawater for a wide range of conditions needs more research work and will potentially lead to simpler desalination methods.
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