is there any index which considers both carbon burial rates and carbon emission rates (per unit area) to define the actual characteristics of an ecosystem?
Like Dr. Towe said, I am not sure if there is any direct index to account for that. However, you must be familiar with the Eddy Covariance system micrometeorological measurements that measure the Net Ecosystem Exchange of Carbon equivalent. That gives a direct clue whether the system under consideration is losing or accruing C. If it can be deployed for a longer period of time (years) it can tell the kind of information that you are interested in.
A polluted system has high organic load. Consequently, the organic matter content is also very high. Same goes with the rate of sediment accumulation. Consequently, these ecosystems will give high carbon burial rates. But this carbon is very much subjected to degradation and subsequent release of GHG.
I wish to normalise the emission vs burial rates in order to apply the concept to all ecosystems. is there any study?