In Latin American history practically all the governments that favored the popular majorities were accused of being authoritarian (Gaspar Francia in Paraguay, Perón in Argentina, the Cuban revolution, Evo in Bolivia, etc.). Is it possible to respond to popular needs without putting a vigorous brake on economic powers and imperialist advance? The academic environment - on the right and sometimes on the left as well - often tends to reproduce a pattern that does not always consider popular perceptions and becomes functional to hegemonic interests. Is the current Venezuelan case like this?