These words could be useful like: e-governance, Right to Information, Laws, Acts, Rules, Regulations, Government Resolutions, Notifications, Dereliction of duties, Appeals, Appelate Authority, Ombudsman, Departmental Manual, Temporary Administrator, Notings, Enquiry Officer, Presenting Officer, Mutatis Mutandis, Administrative Approval, MOM, MOU, Ipso facto, Evaluation, Monitoring, Prima face, Half Margin - are a few of them.

Tqvm for the examples given. Again these are the outcomes of reform or transform in the public administration? I've recently get to comprehend the overview of the differences after reading a report entitled 'From Old Public Administration to the New Public Service: Implications for Public Sector Reform in Developing Countries' by Robinson, M. (2015). I'm planning to write a mini-review on leadership practices in the public sector among developing countries. I find the importance in understanding these key terms. I sense there are more key terms or concepts which may need more clarity in the related issues.

Change and reforms are continuous efforts in public administration. Main kew concepts of change and reforms also change according dominant paradigm of the period. Recent reform paradigms are coming from governance, reinventing, reenginieering, benchmarking, egovernance, restructuring, organizatin developemnt, institutionalization, digitalization etc.

Tqvm for clarification further on these terms. Indeed i agree with you and based on my reading as for in the future all of these processes of change, reform and transform will be based on the context of each country.

I recently published an article about pubic management models in LA, which hopefully could be useful for you. Chapter Public Management Models, Latin America

Tqvm for sharing the Chapter. I'll read on the model as suggested.

there is an excellent overview of PA reforms in Central and Eastern Europe by Tiina Randma Liiv and Wolfgang Drechsler "Three Decades, Four Phases: Public Administration Development in Central and Eastern Europe, 1989-2017". I think it is also here in researchgate but try to contact Tiina directly.

Tqvm for the good suggestions and it is very current. Yes i do come across a number of PA Reform related journals. In understanding these PA evolution in the context of developing countries, i do have to get to the main references that best present these issues. I'll try to seek from her. Truly appreciate the info.

It would be interesting to explore the etymology of the prefixes 'trans' and 're' in relation to their addition to 'form' then compare/contrast the ways and contexts in which public administration and managemnet apply these two words....

For example

'trans' meaning 'across, through, over, beyond, to or on the other side of, outside of'

're' meaning 'back to the original place; again, anew, once more'

'form' - c. 1200 (Old French - forme, fourme,)"semblance, image, likeness," "physical form, appearance; pleasing looks; shape, image; way, manner"

- c. 1200 (Latin - forma) "form, contour, figure, shape; appearance, looks; a fine form, beauty; an outline, a model, pattern, design; sort, kind condition," from or cognate with Greek morphe "form, beauty, outward appearance", also "the imprint of an object."

- c. 1300 as "correct or appropriate way of doing something; established procedure; traditional usage; formal etiquette."

- mid 14c. as "instrument for shaping; a mould;"

- late 14c. as "way in which something is done," also "pattern of a manufactured object."

- late 14c. in theology and Platonic philosophy with senses "archetype of a thing or class; Platonic essence of a thing; the formative principle."

- c. 1300 in law, "a legal agreement; terms of agreement," later "a legal document" (mid-14c.).

- 1590s as "systematic or orderly arrangement;"

These suggestions are very interesting. I mean the focus on the usage of these key terms in different context and not only within context of each country but first most importantly would be to understand their usage within public administration and management field itself.

Maybe you could compare your research path with the one stemming from the long-term experience in the public powers thought of France. Sens de l'action publique, it's a MOOC open to all and you can find materials at: www.fun-mooc.fr - it's in English, French and Arabic and I found it very interesting.

Institutions have policies which govern the day to day running of the entity. These policies are meant to bring about change and the achievement of set targets. After it operates for some time, if set targets are not achieved, reforms are made to the policies to meet set targets. The coming into force of these reforms would result into transformations where proper implementation is done with good monitoring and control. An example is the reforms the NHIS and the SADA, had gone through.

Tqvm on both of these suggestions. Based on your kind sharing, i'm revisiting and reselecting the literature review. Indeed i could see different perspectives that i can focus for my mini review on public administration on developing countries. I've some thoughts that Elena, your perpective is part of the simple and precise narration by Robert. I can relate to your explanation of the roles of reform and transform in this context. Actually, i'm planning to choose this perpective. For key points, my mini-review will be based on selection of secondary reports from 2014-2017. However, based on recommendations, i could sense that i might have to extend the time frame to earlier than 2014.

Change in Organizations; Open Systems; Innovation in organizations; Risks and Barriers to Innovation; Change Management; Sources and Forms of Organizational Change; The Resistance to Change; Leadership and the Process of Change; Culture and the Process of Change; Modernization and Innovation in Public Administration; Administrative Reform; Public Management Reform Model of Pollitt and Bouckaert; Public Management Reform Strategies (Distance; Reinforcement of Control; Modernization; Competition Strategy and Minimization Strategy)

Hope it helps.

Best regards.

In my realm (public mental health system), these words are used in an inexact, colloquial manner. 'Reform' is often used to signify that there is an undesirable systemic outcome that is unethical or inequitable. 'Transformation' means advancing thought and practice using a new framework or paradigm of values and principles; the change is thought to be more advanced/modern/informed, to be more ethical, and/or to lead to better and more equitable outcomes.

Tqvm this is another interesting context of the these concepts. However, i could see the relationship of reform to amend of issues that in existence and transform is to not only amend but to change to beyond ordinary.

This is a complex question. Understanding reform of public administration in the UK and Western Europe plus Australia, US and New Zealand (which has been written about) is one thing; understnding reform of public administration in developing countries is another. the latter has not been addressed in a systematic manner and my doctoral students from the KSA struggle with this. My RG page has publications that deal with the former: Conference Paper Professional Bureaucracy and/or New Public Management? Theor...

These sharing from Dr. is so motivating for me. As i'm planning to pursue on writing a mini review to analyse further on these issues. Based on my reading, there is a limited key sources for journals that focus on developing countries. However, i could identify the same names of scholars who are keen on these aspects. I know that this is the current and future trends as issues are getting more complex. Some scholars relate issues in the public service for example like on bureaucracy as a wicked problem. For my research, i'll be pursuing to exlore and to further identify main leadership attributes for senior officers in the public sector. Therefore, i find that it's interesting to further understand these key words, reform and transform in the context of public sector.

Maybe this paper which discusses NPM reform in German local governments from a narrative view could be interesting.

Best regards

If you are looking for a comparative overiew of PA within EU member states, then the EC publication based on EUPACK project will be perfect reading.

The publication is due in spring 2018.

To be informed on the exact publication date, please follow the updates at:

https://www.researchgate.net/project/EU-project-Support-for-developing-better-country-knowledge-on-public-administration-and-institutional-capacity-building-EUPACK

Best,

Iztok