Absolutely. Which as a consultant, we judiciously select a construction material to fit the client's needs.

A few examples off the cuff:

1. Concrete: In tropical countries (mostly 3rd world) we are still using cast-in-situ traditional style of casting concrete. Hence, during the 28 day curing period, the fresh concrete must be protected from the elements (rain, excessive heat and high humidity causing concrete bleed)

2. Steel: Generally the preferred option, usually the concern does not really lie with the manufacturer but rather the installation

3. Timber: Aussie timber has been much researched to provide uniform properties (Refer to AS 1720). However, we dont really have control over nature, usually limited by the grain direction and lamination. Moreover, timber are suitable for temperate climate in such a dry continent (Melbourne and Tasmania). Tropical zones like Queensland, timber may prove problematic due to termites or rain prompting decay.

Hope this "essay" helps

yes, weather condition affects all this three material cement,steel and wood

1. cement: before kept in position,stored in air-tight room otherwise its strength decrease as it start hydration process as soon as it come in contact of water. In humid condition less curing may be required 

2.steel: if it is kept in open to air for too long period it start coroding,someone rightly said in the answer now a days coated steel bar also used.

still new technique of fibre rainforcement is also the solution for the above problem.

3. wood: solar radiation affect if it is kept for very long time.

it starts cracking as sap water reduced and shrinking starts.

In humid season if it is not treated(seasoned) then it absorb water from atmosphere and its volume may increase.

else you can also refer any standard text book which give do & dont 

where weather conditions are also discussed.

These factors can be summarized as wheather or climatic conditions. Different materials respond and perferm differently under the same weather condition. Your question is more of a general one. So I will add a concrete that previous comments have not discussed "The Asphalt Concrete (AC)". It is by far the type of concrete (and it's material) more affected by climatic conditons. More relevant information can be found in this reference:

http://www.google.com.sa/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjOxZv8qPjOAhXLVRoKHa9HCMsQFggjMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukroadsliaisongroup.org%2Fdownload.cfm%2Fdocid%2F6FBEB827-8EB0-4B15-A3B9B389E81796F3&usg=AFQjCNHjKhIxZZ4lxY4qKj_Y3z2wksl2fw&sig2=jUMqbo5WtBgeUcMKvM7fcQ 

Hello Marcos,

Though your enquiry is very broad, I will write on concrete. 

Concrete readily deteriorates in the presence of moisture, depending on its quality (water/cement ratio, oxygen permeability and reistance to penetration of moisture and chloride ions). Concrete itself is a durable material, but its carbonation, penetration of oxygen and chlorides can cause the corrosion of steel reinforcement within the concrete thereby affecting the concretes durability. The corrosion process begins when the chloride and/or carbonation penetration front reaches the steel reinforcement and depassivates its oxide protective layer. The presence of oxygen and mositure enhances the corrosion process.

High temperatures, humidity and precipitation may lead to earlier deterioration of the concrete (depending on the concrete quality).

I hope this ahs helped in answering your question in some way?

Thank you.

I will answer your question by considering each material separately:

1.Concrete: Air temperature will cause expansion or contraction if the temperature increases or decreases respectively. Concrete is a porous material with open pores. An increase/decrease in relative humidity will cause what is termed movement. This is a seasonal or even daily change in dimensions of a porous material due to change in the relative humidity of the air. Radiation can change the coloration of concrete due to ultra violet rays. Precipitation on an exposed concrete will cause swelling. When the concrete dries later it will shrink. Repeated swelling and shrinkage will lead to deterioration and eventual loss in durability.

2. Timber (wood): What is described above for the case of concrete is also true with timber. In timber, however, we have the additional problem of attack by fungi if the moisture content is high. Fungi can only thrive in timber above a certain moisture content. Dry timber cannot be attacked by fungi.

3. Steel: Air temperature will cause expansion or contraction of the material. Solar radiation increases the temperature hence expansion. Humidity and precipitation on an unprotected steel will lead to corrosion. A galvanic cell is formed on the steel surface with the water drops on the steel surface acting as an electrolyte. Parts of the steel become anodes and cathodes and corrosion of the steel occurs.

all the factor which you mention in your question is very much affect the properties of concrete. for example carbonation of concrete is very much depended up on humidity and temperature, humidity in between 40 to 70 and temperature between 20 to 30 is very ideal condition for carbonation of concrete, where as if the humidity is more than 90 percent or less than 40 percent, rate of carbonation decreases or tends to zero.

all the environmental condition affect the properties of all the building materials.

Please check reference below.. hope it will be helpful for you… Regards…

https://re.public.polimi.it/retrieve/handle/11311/1046136/263974/SEB17_SB29A_Weather.pdf