If polyurethane is foamed, my answer is no. If it is made in such a way that results in a linear structure of a thermoplastic, then it is worth trying.

Polymers, which have been investigated as additives in concrete, are of the acrylic type. PMMA , in a milky color viscous state, has been commercialized. This polymer is carefully blended with cement, fine limestone, sand and little water until there is good uniform spread. It is then applied fast since it quickly dries out.

The result is strong concrete. I tried that myself not for research but to help my parents when rain passed through the ceiling of their old house in the 1980s. The strong concrete stopped rainwater from going down into their living rooms.