The thermal efficiency of the air-standard Otto cycle, which is a theoritical model of the IC engines is related to the volumetric ratio and the ratio of the specific heats of the working fluid. An increase in specific heat ratio results in a corresponding increase in the thermal efficiency. The specific heat ratio of air is higher than that of hydrocarbon fuels, thus a mixture with more air than such fuels would have a higher heat ratio. Hence, increase in thermal efficiency can be achieved by operating the engine at lean conditions. Fuel consumption efficiency and pollutant emission characteristics of the engine can also be improved. However, most fuels do not burn well at lean conditions, which requires an improvement of the engine or the fuels' combustion properties. The Statified-Charge Engine is a development meant to enhance lean operating characterisitics.

Have you studied the roughness, wear/friction resistance of your parts used? We see these tests frequently for automotive parts to enhance efficiency. http://www.nanovea.com/

Efficiency is primarily the ratio of work output to the heat input supplied. To increase the efficiency of the engine , we have various efficiencies like mechanical efficiency and volumetric efficiency. How to increase the mechanical efficiency has been explained by Mr.Pierre Leroux. To increase volumetric efficiency we use either a supercharger or turbocharger.

The thermal efficiency of the air-standard Otto cycle, which is a theoritical model of the IC engines is related to the volumetric ratio and the ratio of the specific heats of the working fluid. An increase in specific heat ratio results in a corresponding increase in the thermal efficiency. The specific heat ratio of air is higher than that of hydrocarbon fuels, thus a mixture with more air than such fuels would have a higher heat ratio. Hence, increase in thermal efficiency can be achieved by operating the engine at lean conditions. Fuel consumption efficiency and pollutant emission characteristics of the engine can also be improved. However, most fuels do not burn well at lean conditions, which requires an improvement of the engine or the fuels' combustion properties. The Statified-Charge Engine is a development meant to enhance lean operating characterisitics.