How are ethics usually derived, regardless of their effectiveness on survival? Why? How? Metaphysics(because that reflects the afterlife and our eternalness of consciousness), then epistemology(because philosophy of knowledge informs the consequences of acts), then aesthetics(because emotions and perceptions of beauty dictate how one will execute acts), and finally ethics. As far as what DOES lead to survival, those are tradition(what has worked for ancestors to reproduce into the current practicers), risk analysis(because all acts are executed on incomplete knowledge, thus risks have to be analyzed for survival), then finally skin in the game(because paying a price for being wrong is most effective on the individual level of survival, even though individual acts almost inevitably affect others).
Ethical systems are derived… from everywhere. And from anything really. And then there is selection pressures once derived and applied. Survival of the fittest applies to ethics as much as everything else. Typically however, ethical systems are derived from religious foundation. Even if they are now attached to them. “I stand on the shoulders of giants” as Referring to science, also applies to modern ethical behaviour/theory being derived from religious systems of the past.
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