Case-based discussions (CBDs) are a common educational tool used in postgraduate medical education to promote critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills among learners. CBDs involve discussing patient cases, often based on real-life scenarios, in a group setting led by a facilitator.

Research has shown that CBDs can have a positive impact on learners' knowledge, clinical reasoning, and decision-making skills. A systematic review of CBDs in postgraduate medical education found that they were effective in improving clinical reasoning and decision-making skills and led to a better understanding of clinical concepts and management strategies.

CBDs have also been found to be effective in promoting self-directed learning and collaborative learning among learners. Learners are encouraged to share their perspectives and experiences, which fosters a sense of community and collaboration in the learning process.

Additionally, CBDs provide an opportunity for learners to receive feedback from their peers and facilitators, which can help them identify areas for improvement and enhance their learning experience.

Overall, CBDs can have a significant educational impact in postgraduate medical education, addressing Kirkpatrick's Level 2 and above. They promote critical thinking, problem-solving, decision-making skills, self-directed learning, and collaborative learning among learners.