By directional communication, I mean if a single ping is sent, the receving system should be able to perceive which direction it is coming from.
EDIT: As for scale, what if we are talking about several robots (tiny bots like thymios for example) in the same room?
I do not know the practical electronics involved, but the solution is that the "receiving system"most have more than one antenna and receiver spaced apart, preferably at least three. The ping will be received at one before the others, which will allow calculation of directionality.
I understand your answer if the system was setup several miles apart. I am sorry I wasn't clear enough with my question. For scale, what if we are talking about several robots in the same room?
Microwave or mm-wave would be perfectly good - broadband best. It is not speed that matters but wavelength. Look up monopulse accuracy, for instance. You will need a spread of wavelengths or a spread of antennas to get accurate direction in a room. You will need some kind of range discrimination otherwise you also locate the directions of the reflections of things in walls, like being in a hall of mirrors. Range discrimination requires either a spread of wavelength or widely separated antennas or a bit of both.
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