Interesting. Iam new to this field, however from my point of view, the line between bullying and violence is very thin i think. Psychological violence and bullying is closely related to each other.

Yes. There do not seem many studies on internet, scandalous, as well as silent, passive aggressive, gesturing type of bullying.

Claus Munch Drejer yes, I agree bullying can be psychological and physically violence - from a metatheoretical perspective I also suggest 'social violence'.

Stephen David Edwards, let's have some actions here...

Silent Bullying that goes unnoticed by authoritative figures, commonly referred to as covert or relationship bullying, involves covert and indirect types of aggression. The most common ways it happens are through social exclusion, rumors, social manipulation, and exclusion. Silent bullying occurs in a more covert manner than more conventional kinds of bullying, which makes it more difficult to identify and confront. The victims of this type of bullying may experience extreme emotional and psychological discomfort, which will negatively affect their social and self-esteem. Although bullying has received more attention in recent years, silent bullying is still a complicated and poorly understood problem. There is still much to learn about its prevalence, underlying causes, and successful intervention options, despite academics' advances in understanding its detrimental effects on mental health and interpersonal relationships. Silent bullying frequently takes place behind closed doors or in subtle ways that victims might not immediately notice or disclose, making it challenging to quantify accurately and handle thoroughly. To develop focused prevention and support strategies for persons affected by silent bullying and better understand its dynamics, more study is required.

Solomon Mosis I agree, but we have to remember, that silent bullying is not always placed behind closed doors but can exist in public space, coded, refined and covered by humor..

I think the discussion about "silent" bullying is much needed. In my research on Swedish secondary school pupils' (11-12 years of age) school experiences, pupils raise awareness of the importance of friends at school, but also – and somewhat contrary – of the hurtful experiences of feeling very lonely and socially isolated in school. School loneliness/social isolation is described by the interviewed pupils either as bullying, or as closely connected to bullying, but which is not so easily recognized as bullying, nor by teachers or by their peers. I argue that the potential failure to recognize school loneliness/social isolation as bullying (or at least as closely intertwined with bullying), on the one hand may relate to the ways school bullying has been defined, i.e., as intentional aggressive acts of physical and verbal acts of aggression. I argue that this, still common definition of bullying, may entail that pupils’ experiences of social isolation (which does not necessarily involve aggressiveness and/or where intentional harm-doing cannot easily be pointed out) risks being left unnoticed, and thus, being made invisible. However, I am currently working on in-depth interviews with school staff about their experiences of working with school loneliness/socially isolated pupils, with which I hope to shed some more light on aspects of silent bullying in schools, as well as the perceived possibilities/difficulties associated with social isolation, school loneliness, and silent bullying which also go beyond aspects of how school bullying has come to be defined.

Best

Joakim

Joakim Strindberg - thank you for a very important reply. Can you recommend articles from your hand about the topics you mentioned?

Hi Helle Rabøl Hansen

I am thinking, for example, of Oldenburg et al., (2016) who have suggested that school staff may struggle to identify lonely and/or socially marginalized pupils. It has also been suggested that school staff tend to rate relational forms of bullying as less serious than other forms of interactions and behaviors (e.g., Bauman & Del Rio, 2006; Jacobsen & Bauman, 2007; Maunder et al., 2010). However, these texts are relatively old and newer ones have probably been published more lately - I'd be happy to receive suggestions on texts to consider! :)

Best

Joakim

Here are some of the texts I am considering:

Bauman, S., & Del Rio, A. (2006). Preservice Teachers' Responses to Bullying Scenarios: Comparing Physical, Verbal, and Relational Bullying. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.98.1.219

Jacobsen, K.E., & Bauman, S. (2007). Bullying in Schools: School Counselors' Responses to Three Types of Bullying Incidents. Professional School Counseling, 11(1), 2156759X0701100101. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0701100101

Maunder, R.E., Harrop, A., & Tattersall, A.J. (2010). Pupil and staff perceptions of bullying in secondary schools: comparing behavioral definitions and their perceived seriousness. Educational Research, 52(3), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2010.504062

Oldenburg, B., Bosman, R., & Veenstra, R. (2016). Are elementary school teachers prepared to tackle bullying?: A pilot study. School Psychology International, 37(1), 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034315623324

Joakim Strindberg Thanks a lot