I would like to read a book written for philosophers of science and epistemologists, rather than for geologists or historians. Do you know any book like that? Thanks in advance.
It's not exactly what you asked for, as it is not a history. But the following work is a philosophical approach to basic geology. I haven't run across another book like it.
Harrington, John C., 1973, To see a world: C. V. Mosby Company, 140 pp.