In Germany children get taught, how to care for the environment and often do some practice - around the school buildings, on action days a.s.o..
Later in life some follow a career in professions related to environment protection. Most people are working, where income is good and where they feel well, what is not always the best for the environment. Changes in behavior are slow, need time over generations.
Yes . World has started moving in this direction. In India, small science projects are integral part of curriculum. Government and NGO have several schemes and competitions where children are encouraged to prepare models. I have been associated with such activities since last two decades and I have seen majority of students select climate change as their topic.
Yes, I observed that children from age 3 are already able to have awareness of our environment, and they learn from their elders to care for the environment. Children are great at obeying parents, and even the short messages they read like 'Keep our city and river clean, do not litter', etc. Some adults lack the simplicity and obedience of children. From mobile.