in a smart grid context, the distributed generators can work in two main modes stand alone and grid connected. This implies that the control of inverters just be different not only to inject or withdrawn power to/from the grid but also to control frequency and voltage in the grid.
also the technical rules for the participation of DGs to the provision to ancillary services are also different from country to another (e,g. in Italy the standards are CEI 0-16 and 0-21).
So I would like to have an update idea of the status of art of this topic.
Hello Dr. Tina,
The following chapter is helpful in the simulink-based modeling of various modules.
S. Sumathi et al., Solar PV and Wind Energy Conversion Systems,
Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14941-7_2
Based on a previous meeting with Schneider electric, they constructed two separate inverters for each mode of operation. The one designed for on-grid applications synchronises its output with the grid, while the one designed for off-grid standalone solar-PV operation synchronises its output with a self-generated reference signal. Therefore, in your inverter the two capabilities should be available according to the mode of operation. I guess these options are neither available in the mathworks file exchange website, nor the above chapter.
Hello Dr. Tina,
The following chapter is helpful in the simulink-based modeling of various modules.
S. Sumathi et al., Solar PV and Wind Energy Conversion Systems,
Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14941-7_2
Based on a previous meeting with Schneider electric, they constructed two separate inverters for each mode of operation. The one designed for on-grid applications synchronises its output with the grid, while the one designed for off-grid standalone solar-PV operation synchronises its output with a self-generated reference signal. Therefore, in your inverter the two capabilities should be available according to the mode of operation. I guess these options are neither available in the mathworks file exchange website, nor the above chapter.
Dear Mohamed, thank you for your pieces of information.
The option of the double inverter is surely interesting but not cost effective.
In fact the main problem is the balance of active and reactive power when the system passes from stand alone mode to grid connected mode and vice versa. Also the same problem arises when instead of the grid a diesel genset is considered.
Sincerely
Marco
Dear Sabir, thank you very much for your references. I would read them very carefully. The second one includes the model of supercapacitors I haven't yet considered them I have planned to do it in the next step.
Sincerely
Marco
Dear Marco,
You are welcome. You may also search for papers with 'photovoltaic UPS' as a keyword. Unfortunately, I cannot recommend a specific paper at this moment.
Wishing you a good luck in your research
Dear Dr. Giuseppe Marco Tina
There are lots of works in this are. Some demo files are available in MATLAB/Simulink package. Also, you can see the following recently published papers from myself:
H.R. Baghaee, M. Mirsalim, G.B. Gharehpetian, “Multi-objective optimal power management and sizing of a reliable wind/PV microgrid with hydrogen energy storage using MOPSO”, J. of Intel. and Fuzzy Sys., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1-15, February 2017.
H.R. Baghaee, M. Mirsalim, G.B. Gharehpetian, H.A. Talebi, “Three phase AC/DC power-flow for balanced/unbalanced microgrids including wind/solar, droop-controlled and electronically-coupled distributed energy resources using RBF neural networks", IET Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 313-328, March 2017, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0010.
H.R. Baghaee, M. Mirsalim, G.B. Gharehpetian, H.A. Talebi, “Fuzzy Unscented Transform for Uncertainty Quantification of Correlated Wind/PV Microgrids: Possibilistic-Probabilistic Power Flow based on RBFNNs”, IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 867-877, March 2017, DOI: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0669.
H.R. Baghaee, M. Mirsalim, G.B. Gharehpetian, H.A. Talebi, “Application of RBF neural networks and unscented transformation in probabilistic power-flow of microgrids including correlated wind/PV units and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles", Simulation, Modelling, Practice and Theory, vol. 72, pp. 51-68, March 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2016.12.006.
H.R. Baghaee, M. Mirsalim, G.B. Gharehpetian, H.A. Talebi “A new current limiting strategy and fault model to improve fault ride-through capability of inverter interfaced DERs in autonomous microgrids”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 24, part C, pp. 71-81, December 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2017.02.004.
H.R. Baghaee, M. Mirsalim, G.B. Gharehpetian, H. Talebi, “Decentralized sliding mode control of WG/PV/FC microgrids under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions for on- and off-grid modes", IEEE Systems Journal, press, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1-12, November 2017, DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2017.2761792.
A. Kashefi Kaviani, H.R. Baghaee, G.H. Riahy, "Optimal Sizing of a Stand-alone Wind/PV Generation Unit using PSO”, Simulation: International Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation, vol. 85, no. 2, pp.89-99, February 2009, DOI: 10.1177/0037549708101181.
" Based on a previous meeting with Schneider electric, they constructed two separate inverters for each mode of operation."
Why not have the inverter for local mode synchronized with the grid at all times?
That way, only one inverter is needed and mode switch-over is simplified.
Thank you Ulrich.
Can you, please, explain more explicit about your question ?
"Why not have the inverter for local mode synchronized with the grid at all times?"
The system that I am modeling is made of a genset a PV system with batteries.
the two operating conditions are:
1) genset on with or without+ PV+ battery
2) genes off only PV+ battery
in case 1 is the genset that controls voltage and frequency in the stand alone system
in case 2 is the PV+battery that controls voltage and frequency
is you system able to do it ?
Thank you
Sincerery
Marco
Dear Mr Giuseppe Marco Tina
To swap from a standalone system to grid connected you have to use a Phase Locked Loop (PLL),
In order to synchronize between the inverter output voltages and the grid voltage in terms of: voltage amplitude, phase, and frequency.
Also, for grid connected PV-system, the use of battery system is not necessary because you can
regulate the system DC-bus by controlling the grid side inverter.
Best regards
Dear Marco,
You can have a look at our recent paper (Matlab simulation model and experimental validation):
Article On Energy Management Control of a PV-Diesel-ESS Based Microg...
Regards,
Mohamed
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