This is a very useful feature bank. http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/research/texclass/filters.html
The matlab code for the feature properties is provided. A simple cross-correlation (or convolution) with the test image will give you the points of maximum response.
You can detect the feature points based on the clarity of the image, size of the feature in an image using the simple techniques like correlation coefficient, entropy measurement, or by defining a feature some geometric parameter for its recognition. You can use principle component analysis, wavelet transform to achieve feature detection. You can follow my papers on Image processing to get an idea. Hope you can get a better idea.