I want some references on EPB shields in shallow depths, especially weak points. Can someone help me?
Thanks a lot Dr Paul for complete answer.It was really helpful.But I want to focus on EPB weak points in Shallow tunnels with high underground water table, in metro-tunnels.
You should look for the various references in literature about the Metro of Porto (subway of Porto) in Portugal. It was a very interesting project where a EPB TBM was used in closed mode. The tunnels are quite shallow, the soil is a very heterogeneous granite and at the surface there are a number of importante heritage buildings.
I think you could refer to various TBM tunneling practices carried out in Shanghai, China, where soft clay is mainly involved and the underground water table is usually 1.0 m below the surface. Also, metro system in Shanghai is highly developed. EPB TBMs, as well as Slurry shield machines, are preferred in this area. Lots of publications can be found in multiple journals, e.g. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Computers and Geotechnics, JGGE of ASCE, and Canadian Geotechnical Engineering.
an interesting book that gives a lot of suggestions is
Mechanized Tunnelling in Urban Areas: Design methodology and construction ...
Vittorio Guglielmetti at al.
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