I need spatial information for modelling, and I would like know if there is any product in this sense. It can be gridded, points or any other format which contains a geographic reference.
Go through the following
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide
https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/10/87/2018/essd-10-87-2018.pdf
https://datahub.io/core/co2-ppm
https://www.co2.earth/co2-datasets
https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html
https://co2.jpl.nasa.gov/#mission=OCO-2
Maybe this helps.
MIT GIS service can help
https://libguides.mit.edu/gis/gisenergyenvironment
There may be time series of CO2 concentration in relation to the permanence of the gas, remember that this lasts hundreds of years in the environment to degrade, now, in relation to the presence in a specific place to make a mathematical modeling I consider that this should be a function of the weather conditions of the area you want to identify or the source of generation. An important geospatial reference that I recommend can be the part where the hole in the ozone layer occurs, where other gases that have carbon compounds have effects on the atmosphere-stratosphere. CO2 concentrations are produced by emissions from stationary sources that burn fossil fuel and mix in the atmosphere. Forecasting through modeling the movement and presence of CO2 must be done by generation points, and observe where it is going depending on the weather conditions indicated above.